http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Pauling
Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994)[4] was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator. He was one of the most influential chemists in history and ranks among the most important scientists of the 20th century.[5][6] Pauling was one of the founders of the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology.[7]
For his scientific work, Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954. In 1962, for his peace activism, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. This makes him the only person to be awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes. He is one of only four individuals to have won more than one Nobel Prize (the others being Marie Curie, John Bardeen, and Frederick Sanger). Pauling is also one of only two people to be awarded Nobel Prizes in different fields, the other being Marie Curie.[8]
He promoted orthomolecular medicine, megavitamin therapy, dietary supplements, and taking large doses of vitamin C.
Honors and awards
Pauling received numerous awards and honors during his career, including the following:[113][114]- 1931 ACS Award in Pure Chemistry [115]
- 1931 Irving Langmuir Award, American Chemical Society.[113][114]
- 1941 Nichols Medal, New York Section, American Chemical Society.[113]
- 1946 Willard Gibbs Award, Chicago section of the American Chemical Society.[114]
- 1947 Davy Medal, Royal Society.[113][114]
- 1947 T. W. Richards Medal, Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society.[114]
- 1948 Presidential Medal for Merit by President Harry S. Truman of the United States.[113][114]
- 1948 Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London (ForMemRS)[4]
- 1951 Gilbert N. Lewis medal, California section of the American Chemical Society.[114]
- 1952 Pasteur Medal, Biochemical Society of France.[113]
- 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[113][114]
- 1955 Addis Medal, National Nephrosis Foundation.[113][114]
- 1955 John Phillips Memorial Award, American College of Physicians.[113][114]
- 1956 Avogadro Medal, Italian Academy of Science.[113][114]
- 1957 Paul Sabatier Medal.
- 1957 Pierre Fermat Medal in Mathematics (awarded for only the sixth time in three centuries).[113][114][116]
- 1957 International Grotius Medal.[113]
- 1961 Humanist of the Year, American Humanist Association.
- 1961 Gandhi Peace Award by Promoting Enduring Peace.[117]
- 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.[113][114]
- 1965 Medal, Academy of the Rumanian People's Republic.[113]
- 1966 Linus Pauling Award.[113]
- 1966 Silver Medal, Institute of France.[113]
- 1966 Supreme Peace Sponsor, World Fellowship of Religion.[113]
- 1967 Washington A. Roebling Medal, Mineralogical Society of America.[114]
- 1972 Lenin Peace Prize.[113]
- 1974 National Medal of Science by President Gerald R. Ford of the United States.[114]
- 1978 Lomonosov Gold Medal, Presidium of the Academy of the USSR.[113][114]
- 1979 NAS Award in Chemical Sciences, National Academy of Sciences.[113][118]
- 1981 John K. Lattimer Award, American Urological Association.[114]
- 1984 Priestley Medal, American Chemical Society.[113][114]
- 1984 Award for Chemistry, Arthur M. Sackler Foundation.[113]
- 1986 Lavoisier Medal by Fondation de la Maison de la Chimie.[114]
- 1987 Award in Chemical Education, American Chemical Society.[113]
- 1989 Vannevar Bush Award, National Science Board.[113][114]
- 1990 Richard C. Tolman Medal, American Chemical Society Southern California Section.[113]
- 1992 Daisaku Ikeda Medal, Soka Gakkai International[114]
- 2008 "American Scientists" U.S. postage stamp series, $0.41, for his sickle cell disease work.[119]
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